This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) seeks to build upon the proteomic standards, technologies, standard operating procedures, workflows, and reproducibility of protein identification and quantification developed through the Clinical Proteomic Technologies for Cancer initiative (CPTC; http://proteomics.cancer.gov) by soliciting grant applications to build a multidisciplinary collaborative team of Proteome Characterization Centers (PCCs). The PCCs are expected to foster multi-institutional and transdisciplinary interactions using data and selected biospecimens from cancer genomics programs (e.g., The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA; http://cancergenome.nih.gov] and others) to systematically define the functional cancer proteome that derives from alterations in cancer genomes, discover and verify protein (and peptide) biomarkers, and in doing so, drive the development of proteomic technologies.