This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, solicits grant applications from institutions/organizations to conduct proof-of- concept Phase II clinical trials that test a novel intervention for a lung disease or a cardiopulmonary disorder from sleep that have the potential to significantly change clinical management.In addition, each application must include at least one ancillary study tightly related to the clinical question.